Batch CSV Geocoding in Python with Google Maps API

Geocode your addresses for free with Python and Google

For a recent project, I ported the “batch geocoding in R” script over to Python. The script allows geocoding of large numbers of string addresses to latitude and longitude values using the Google Maps Geocoding API. The Google Geocoding API is one of the most accurate geocoding APIs out there at the moment.

The script encodes addresses up to the daily geocoding limit each day, and then waits until Google refills your allowance before continuing. You can leave the script running on a remote server (I use Digital Ocean, where you can get a free $10 server with my referral link), and over the course of a week, encode nearly 20,000 addresses.

For Ireland, the Google Geocoder is also a sneaky way to get a large list of Eircode codes for string addresses that you may have. Google integrated Eircode information integrated with their mapping data in Ireland in September 2016.

Jump straight to the script here.

Geocoding API Limits

There are a few options with respect to Google and your API depending if you want results fast and are willing to pay, or if you are in no rush, and want to geocode for free:

1. With no API key, the script will work at a slow rate of approx 1 request per second if you have no API key, up to the free limit of 2,500 geocoded addresses per day.
2. Get a free API key to up the rate to 50 requests per second, but still limited to 2,500 per day. API keys are easily generated at the Google Developers API Console. You’ll need to get a “Google Maps Geocoding API”, find this, press enable, and then look under “credentials”.
3. Associate a payment method or billing account with Google and your API key, and have limitless fast geocoding results at a rate of $0.50 per 1000 additional addresses beyond the free 2,500 per day.

Python Geocoding Script

The script uses Python 3, and can be downloaded with and some demonstration data on Github at “python batch geocoding” project. There’s a requirements.txt file that will allow you to construct a virtualenv around the script, and you can run it indefinitely over ssh on a remote server using the “screen” command (“Screen” allows you to run terminal commands while logged out of an ssh session – really useful if you use cloud servers).

Input Data

The script expects an input CSV file with a column that contains addresses. The default column name is “Address”, but you can specify different names in the configuration section of the script. You can create CSV files from Excel using using “Save As”->CSV. The sample data in the repository  is the 2015 Property Price Register data for Ireland. Some additional preprocessing on addresses is performed to improve accuracy, adding County and Country level information. Remove or change these lines in the script as necessary!

Output Data

The script will take each address and geocode it using the Google APIs, returning:

• the matching latitude and longitude,
• the cleaned and formatted address from Google,
• postcode of the matched address / (eircode in Ireland)
• accuracy of the match,
• the “type” of the location – “street, neighbourhood, locality”
• google place ID,
• the number of results returned,
• the entire JSON response (see example below) from Google can be requested if there’s additional information that you’d like to parse yourself. Change this in the configuration section of the script.

Script Setup

To setup the script, optionally insert your API key, your input file name, input column name, and your output file name, then simply run the code with “python3 python_batch_geocode.py” and come back in (<total addresses>/2500) days! Each time the script hits the geocoding limit, it backs off for 30 minutes before trying again with Google.

Python Code Function

The script functionality is simple: there’s a central function “get_google_result()” that actually requests data from the Google API using the Python requests library, and then a wrapper around that starting at line 133 to handle data backup and geocoding query limits.

Reverse Geocoding

Reverse geocoding is the process of going from a set of GPS co-ordinates, and working out what the text address is. Google also provides an API for reverse geocoding, and the above script, with some edits, can be used with that API.

One of the blog’s readers, Joseph, has kindly put together this Github snippet with the adjustments!

Improving Geocoding Accuracy

There’s a number of tips and tricks to improve the accuracy of your geocoding efforts.

• Append additional contextual information if you have it. For instance, in the example here, I appended “, Ireland” to the address since I knew all of my addresses were Irish locations. I could have also done some work with the “County” field in my input data.
• Simple text processing before upload can improve accuracy. Replacing st. with Street, removing unusual characters, replacing brdg with bridge, sq with Square, etc., all leaves Google with less to guess and can help.
• Try and ensure your addresses are as well formed as possible, with commas in the right places separating “lines” of the address.
• You can parse and repair your address strings with specialised address parsing libraries in python – have a look at postal-address, us-address (for US addresses), and pyaddress which might help out.